http://interfas.univ-tlse2.fr/nacelles/241 Publications de Auteurs Sylvain Champonnois fr 0 http://interfas.univ-tlse2.fr/nacelles/332 Aux débuts du conflit, la France a 321 aviateurs brevetés militaires. La direction de l’aéronautique demande en octobre 1914 aux armées de prospecter pour recruter des candidats. Sont privilégiés ceux qui ont des connaissances techniques. Sont accueillis aussi des cavaliers désœuvrés par l’arrêt de la guerre de mouvement et des recrues qui, une fois guéries de leurs blessures, ne sont plus jugées aptes au service des tranchées. Il faut former régulièrement, en quantité et en qualité, des pilotes (d’observation, de réglage de tir d’artillerie, de bombardement, de chasse), des observateurs et des mitrailleurs. Des écoles sont créées en 1915. Pour unifier la formation, les autorités créent en mai 1916 une Inspection générale des écoles. Les cours théoriques et pratiques alternent. L’élève pilote se familiarise aux sensations de vitesse, puis apprend à voler en double commande aux côtés de son instructeur. Quatre tests doivent être réussis pour obtenir le brevet militaire de pilote. En moyenne, un pilote en école a volé 28 h durant deux à trois mois de formation. À la fin de la guerre, 16 834 soldats français ont obtenu un brevet de pilote militaire. At the beginning of the conflict, France had 321 airmen. The staff of the aeronautics asked in October 1914 to the armies to recruit candidates. Those who had technical knowledge were favoured. In addition injured recruits, once cured of their wounds and no longer fit for service in the trenches were also recruited. But it soon became necessary to train regularly the pilots, the observers and the machine gunners. In order to do so, schools were created in 1915. To unify training procedures and practices, the authorities created in May 1916 an Inspection Générale des Écoles, so that recruits could be given both theoretical and practical lessons. The future pilots got used to the speed of the planes, then learnt to fly in double order beside their instructors. Four tests had to be passed to obtain the pilot permit. Overall, a future pilot flied 28 hours during his two or three months of training. At the end of the war, 16 834 French soldiers got a pilot permit. mar., 28 nov. 2017 09:37:17 +0100 mar., 28 nov. 2017 10:20:23 +0100 http://interfas.univ-tlse2.fr/nacelles/332 http://interfas.univ-tlse2.fr/nacelles/228 From 1945 to 1966, the evolution of the French Air Force largely depends on technological innovations. The aim of this thesis is to analyze how it became able – both technologically and structurally – to pass from a situation in which it was considered as an old-fashioned entity to the head of the national defense system, thus establishing itself as the third Air Force power. To do so, we identify three essential periods, which illustrate its shift to develop progressively its technological expertise. From 1945 to 1950, it meets several challenges such as technological transfers and jet-powered planes in the early years of the Cold War. From 1951 until 1958, it follows a fast modernization trend in spite of the Colonial Wars, as depicted through the development of aeronautical programs and the use of missiles, in a context of American Help. From 1959 to 1966, the French Air Force then adapts to both nuclear-based weapons and strategies, such as piloted strategic armament systems Mirage IV and structural transfers taken out of the military command integrated by NATO. ven., 18 nov. 2016 09:27:06 +0100 ven., 18 nov. 2016 09:27:23 +0100 http://interfas.univ-tlse2.fr/nacelles/228